Which policy change in the early 20th century reflects rising nativism?

• A. Open borders for all.
• B. Trade agreements with Europe.
• C. Codification of racial hierarchies excluding Asians and restricting Southern/Eastern European entrants.
• D. Elimination of all immigration controls.

Answer: (C)

Rising nativism in the early 20th century meant preferring native-born Americans and restricting newcomers, especially based on race or national origin. The policy described fits this shift because it formalized a racial hierarchy that singled out Asians for exclusion and limited entrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. This shows a move from open or flexible immigration toward legally codified controls designed to keep out groups viewed as undesirable, reflecting the era’s preference for preserving a particular social and cultural order. In contrast, open borders, trade-focused arrangements, or removing all controls would not illustrate that nativist move toward selective, racially based limits.