Which statement correctly distinguishes push factors and pull factors in immigration, including examples of each?

• A. Push factors attract people; pull factors drive them away.
• B. Push factors drive people away, e.g., famine and persecution; pull factors attract, e.g., jobs and family reunification.
• C. Push factors are economic opportunities.
• D. Pull factors cause emigration.

Answer: (B)

Push factors are conditions that drive people away from their home country, such as famine, violence, or persecution. Pull factors are conditions that attract people to a new country, like available jobs and opportunities for family reunification. The statement that push factors push people away and offer famine and persecution as examples, while pull factors attract and include jobs and family reunification as examples, matches this clear separation between what pushes someone to leave and what draws them to a new place. The other descriptions mix up the directions or the types of factors (for example, treating economic opportunities as a push factor or saying pull factors cause emigration), which doesn’t fit how push and pull factors function.